What is an Exception?

 In Java, an exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of instructions. When an exception occurs, the Java runtime system generates an exception object that contains information about the exception, including the type of the exception and the state of the program when the exception occurred.

Exceptions are used in Java to indicate that an error or exceptional condition has occurred. They are typically used to handle errors that cannot be handled in any other way, such as a file that cannot be opened or a network connection that cannot be established.

There are two main types of exceptions in Java: checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. Checked exceptions are exceptions that are checked by the Java compiler at compile time, and must be handled in the code or declared in the throws clause of a method. Unchecked exceptions are exceptions that are not checked by the compiler, and do not need to be handled in the code.

To handle an exception in Java, you can use a try-catch block. The try block encloses the code that might throw an exception, and the catch block catches the exception and handles it. Here's an example of a try-catch block in Java:

try { // code that might throw an exception } catch (Exception e) { // code to handle the exception }

In this example, the try block encloses the code that might throw an exception, and the catch block catches any exceptions that are thrown and handles them. The Exception object, which contains information about the exception, is passed to the catch block as an argument.