How do exceptions affect the program if it doesn't handle them?

 In Java, exceptions are used to signal that an error has occurred during the execution of a program. If an exception is thrown and is not caught and handled by the program, it can have serious consequences.

When an exception is thrown, it propagates up the call stack until it is caught by an exception handler. If the exception reaches the top of the call stack and is not caught, the program will terminate with an error. This can leave the program in an unstable state and can cause data corruption or other problems.

For example, consider the following code:

void doSomething() { try { // code that might throw an exception goes here } catch (Exception e) { // handle the exception } }

In this code, the doSomething method includes a try-catch block to handle any exceptions that might be thrown by the code inside the try block. If an exception is thrown and is not caught by this try-catch block, it will propagate up the call stack until it is caught by an exception handler or until it reaches the top of the call stack and causes the program to terminate with an error.

It is important to include appropriate exception handling in your code to handle exceptions and prevent the program from crashing. This will help to ensure the stability and reliability of your program.